If you run just “kicad” the system finds it from the default PATH where /usr/local/bin is before /usr/bin. Therefore it runs the self-compiled version. You can run /usr/bin/kicad (the packaged version) from a terminal window and it should work even if the self-compiled installation has problems.
If someone tries to compile the development or bugfix testing versions, I recommend Build from source - simple instructions to compile KiCad for some Linux distributions.
This specific problem, “can’t open images.tar.gz” means that for some reason or another the UI icon set wasn’t installed when after compilation “make install” was run. IMO It should have been installed if the default configuration/compilation/installation procedure was used.