In v5, hardly. In the development version (nightly builds, 5.99) there’s new zone fill strategy in Board Setup -> Constraints. Based on my simple experiment it may cut the size of a zone in the generated gerber file to half, although the kicad file stays the same.
It’s impossible to reduce the size of a zone in the kicad pcb file - it must describe the polygon corners in any case. In the v5 filling method KiCad draws lines around the fill edge. In the new filling method it’ just a polygon (rounded corners made with short edges and more corners, like in the old method). I think it affects both KiCad view rendering and exported file generation.
A fillet corner in the gerber with the old method:
File->Board Setup->Zone Fill Strategy->set to smoothed polygons
File->Board Setup->Arc/circle drawing maximum deviation: increase the value. This is the maximum arc approximation error. More means more jagged polygons, but smaller files.
If you can live with non-rounded corners, it’s the fillets which require data in the pcb file. Even changing to chamfer saves quite much. That’s because of “filled polygon” is kept in the file, not just the basic polygon.