If you post your .kicad_dbl file, someone might be able to provide specific advice. Also post your version info from Help → About KiCad → Copy Version Info.
There is a simple sqlite database/.kicad_dbl file here you could try as a known-good example (it’s the QA database for KiCad regression testing): qa/data/dblib · master · KiCad / KiCad Source Code / kicad · GitLab
I have a working setup with sqlite, but I admit I used the example above as a starting point 
Many others have discussed working examples in this long thread and elsewhere on the forum: KiCad: The case for Database driven design (scroll towards the end).
I notice that of the three data sources you list, in my mind only one of them (Access) is really a database, though I imagine there may be ODBC drivers that make the others act like databases. Are you using the same driver with all three, or a different driver for each? Can you try a different backend/driver combination such as SQLite for comparison at least?