For some reason the libraries were not installed (or at least the default lib table was not installed where your operating system expects it).
Check if the libraries are there somewhere in your system (in linux it is under /usr/share/kicad for windows in the installation directory under C:\\programs\kicad not sure if something similar exists for mac as i never used one.) If they are then manually add the libs to the library table via the library managers. If not then download the libs from github and add them either manually or copy the supplied lib table to your user configuration page.
See: Library management in KiCad version 5
- section: Options to download a particular library version (for the advanced setup)
- explains how to download the libs and how to add them to your installation
- section: Using the library manager
- to learn how to add the libs if they are already on your hard disc