Without doing a bunch of snipping, as shown above, the only way I know how to do this effectively (especially with DC circuits) is within LTspice which should run on Debian under Wine. The .op command will show a printout of all the node voltages and branch currents.
But you can also put data labels up on the schematic which can show the same thing, or you can create mathematical expressions from all that data. For example, the voltage across R1 would be [V(n001) - V(n002)].
It might also be possible to get similar data by creating the schematic in KiCad and pushing the simulation out to LTspice, or even external ngspice (but I’m less familiar with that one):
